- Voltage: The potential for the flow of electrons.
- Measured in volts.
- Symbol: V, or E in equations.
- Current: The flow of electrons.
- Measured in amperes ("amps" for short).
- Symbol: A, or I in equations.
- Resistance: The opposition to the flow of electrons.
- Measured in Ohms.
- Symbol: Ω, or R in equations.
- Power: The work done by electrons.
- Measured in Watts.
- Symbol: W, or P in equations.
Conductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors:
- Conductors
- Allow electrical charges and heat energy to flow.
- Examples: Copper, iron, silver, gold, aluminum, mercury, steel, platinum, brass, bronze, graphite, concrete, sea water, dirty water, lemon juice...
- Insulators
- Allow little-to-no electrical charge or heat energy to flow.
- Examples: Glass, rubber, plastic, diamond, asphalt, dry wood, dry cotton, air, oil, pure water...
- Semiconductors
- Allow electrical charges to flow better than an insulator but lesser than a conductor.
- Examples: Silicon, germanium, selenium, tellurium, boron phosphide, boron arsenide, gallium arsenide...
*Every wire carrying current has a magnetic field around it that is circular and perpendicular to the electrical charge.
Magnetism, motion, and electron flow:
- Electron flow in motion creates magnetism.
- Magnetism and motion create electron flow.
- Magnetism and electron flow create motion.
Kirchoff's Current Law:
- The sum of the currents flowing into a junction is equal to the currents flowing away from the junction.
Kirchoff's Voltage Law:
- The voltage drops around a simple series circuit equal to the total source voltage.
In equations:
Current is constant in series.
Voltage is constant in parallel.
Simplifying resistances:
- To simplify resistances in series, we add them together.
- To simplify resistances in parallel, we use the conductance formula.
- Rsum=R1+R2+R3 (etc...)
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